Abstract

Introduction: A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fossil fuel resources generally used to heat the water. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy. Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. Thermal Power: Thermal power is the "largest" source of power in India. There are different types of Thermal power plants based on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, Diesel etc. About 75% of electricity consumed in India are generated by thermal power plants. Coal: More than 51% of India's commercial energy demand is met through the country's vast coal reserves. Public sector undertaking NTPC and several other state level power generating companies are engaged in operating coal based Thermal Power Plants. Apart from NTPC and other state level operators, some private companies are also operating the power plants. As on July 31, 2010, and as per the Central Electricity Authority the total installed capacity of Coal or Lignite based power plants in India are 87,093.38 MW. Hydro accounted for 16 percent of global electricity consumption, and 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, which continues the rapid rate of increase experienced between 2003 and 2009. Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generated 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. Brazil, Canada, New Zealand, Norway, Paraguay, Austria, Switzerland, and Venezuela have a majority of the internal electric energy production from hydroelectric power. Paraguay produces 100% of its electricity from hydroelectric dams, and exports 90% of its production to Brazil and to Argentina. Norway produces 98–99% of its electricity from hydroelectric sources. There are now three hydroelectric plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela. Water and coal play an important and pivotal role in producing hydroelectric and thermal power respectively. Non-availability of water results failure to produce hydroelectric power and non-availability of coal results failure to produce thermal power. Reliability is a measure of how well a system performs or meets its design requirements. It is hence the prime concern of all scientists and engineers engaged in developing such a system.. In this paper we have taken two types of failures (1) FNAWH - non-availability of water resulting failure to produce Hydroelectric Power (2) FNACT- non-availability of coal to Produce thermal power: When the main unit fails due to non-availability of coal then cold standby system becomes operative. Non-availability of coal cannot occur simultaneously in both the units and after failure the unit undergoes very costly repair facility immediately. Applying the regenerative point technique with renewal process theory the various reliability parameters MTSF, Availability, Busy period, Benefit-Function analysis have been evaluated.

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