Introduction: Thyroid cancers are fairly uncommon neoplasms, the annual incidence of which ranges from 0.5 to 10 cases per 1,000,000 population. The commonest thyroid malignant tumours are those of papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma followed by medullary, malignant and undifferentiated carcinoma. Aims/ Objectives: To determine the most common malignancy encountered and to identify the most common associated benign lesion. Materials and Methods: Fifty histopathologically diagnosed cases of thyroid malignancies were analysed retrospectively for the associated benign condition. A statistical analysis was done to determine the common association and the common malignancy encountered. Observation/ Results: of the fifty cases studied, 45 cases were papillary carcinoma, 4 cases follicular carcinoma and one case of medullary carcinoma. Among the 45 cases of papillary carcinoma 12 of them were papillary microcarcinoma. While thirty five cases of papillary carcinoma were associated with multi-nodulargoiter, 9 cases were associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and in one case the rest of the thyroid was normal. Among the 4 cases of follicular carcinoma 3 were associated with multi-nodular goitre and one with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Medullary carcinoma was associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Conclusion: Since most of the thyroid malignancies in our study were associated with multi-nodulargoiter and, as a significant number of cases were papillary microcarcinomas a vigilant sectioning of the specimen is to be done to identify the presence of neoplastic foci grossly. The findings of the study also warrants for a follow up of the patients who have under gone hemithyroidectomy for nodular goiter, as most of thyroid malignancies have indolent clinical course.