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International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, ISSN 2277-2812 E-ISSN: 2249-8109

Volume 12, Issue 3, October 2014 pp 483-490

Research Article

Metabolic syndrome in an adult population of rural Karnataka

Vanitha Gowda M N¹, Krishnamurthy U², Shalini C N³, Pruthvish S⁴, Shalini P⁵, Dinesh R⁶, Murthy N S⁷

{^1,2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry} {³Professor and HOD, ⁴Professor, ^5,6Associate Professor, ⁷Professor and Research Coordinator, Department of Community Medicine}

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of abnormalities that confers an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults aged ≥18 years in a rural population, to find the prevalence of various risk factors of metabolic syndrome and to determine the factors significantly contributing to metabolic syndrome in the same population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Jangamsheegehally village of Chintamani taluk in Karnataka. A detailed personal and clinical history, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements were recorded and a fasting blood sample was drawn from each of the 188 subjects. The serum samples were analyzed for Fasting Blood Sugar and lipid profile. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults aged ≥18 years, using the updated AHA/NHLBI statement criteria was 42 (22.3%). At least one metabolic abnormality was seen in 87.23% subjects (90% of females and 84% of the males). The commonest abnormality in females was low HDL (79%), Central obesity (29%) and hyperglycemia (12%). In males, low HDL (67%) was also the most common abnormality followed by high triglycerides (40.9%) and hyperglycemia (18.1%). The most significant independent risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome were found to be Hypertriglyceridemia (OR 21.07, CI 8.48-52.35, p<0.001), Low HDL levels (OR 20.71, CI 1.78- 101.0, p= 0.001) and Central obesity (OR 15.75, CI 7.40-38.69, p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was highest in the age group of 31-40 years with low HDL levels, hypertriglyceridemia and central obesity being independent risk factors. Efforts should be aimed at educating the rural masses regarding lifestyle modifications including suggestions on improving eating habits, the importance of a regular exercise regimen, social support and stress management strategies in order to alleviate the metabolic abnormalities that could increase the risk of Metabolic syndrome.