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Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a heterogeneous group of disorders which may involve teeth, skin and appendageal structures including hairs, nails, eccrine and sebaceous glands. As ED is very rare in occurrence, the available literature is scarce. We are describing a case of 3 year old male child with suspected foreign body (nose) posted for emergency nasal endoscopy. Anticipating difficult airway, frequent pulmonary infections, temperature monitoring are important considerations in anaesthesia management in a case of patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia. Thorough knowledge about Ectodermal Dysplasia is important to an Anaesthesiologist to tackle related complications in emergency scenarios.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a heterogeneous group of disorders which may involve teeth, skin and appendageal structures including hairs, nails, eccrine and sebaceous glands. As ED is very rare in occurrence, the available literature is scarce. We are describing a case of 3 year old male child with suspected foreign body (nose) posted for emergency nasal endoscopy. Anticipating difficult airway, frequent pulmonary infections, temperature monitoring are important considerations in anaesthesia management in a case of patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia. Thorough knowledge about Ectodermal Dysplasia is important to an Anaesthesiologist to tackle related complications in emergency scenarios.

Objectives: 1.To find out the relationships between fetus growth variables with placental thickness.2.To estimate the growth variables through the regression analysis models. Methodology: 240 III trimester ante-natal mothers were selected as first 20 singleton pregnant mothers through the months of January to December 2016. The Ultra Sona Graphed statistics like Abdominal Circumference (AC), Biparietal diameter (BPD), Femer length (FL), LMP based gestational age (GA) and Placental Thickness (PT) were collected. The study subjects 240 singleton Ante Natal mothers fetal growth of above variables were analyzed and interpreted accordingly. Results: The placental thickness determined the BPD as 60.1%, AC as 64.8%, FL as 67.7% and 66.7%. Based on this, four regression equations were being computed for estimating the BPD, AC, FL and GA. Discussions: The main function of the placenta is exchanging nutrients, metabolic products and gases to the fetus. The placental thickness can be an indicator of IUGR. Conclusions: Early detections of fetal growth may prevent the perinatal, neonatal and maternal mortalities.

Objectives: 1.To find out the relationships between fetus growth variables with placental thickness.2.To estimate the growth variables through the regression analysis models. Methodology: 240 III trimester ante-natal mothers were selected as first 20 singleton pregnant mothers through the months of January to December 2016. The Ultra Sona Graphed statistics like Abdominal Circumference (AC), Biparietal diameter (BPD), Femer length (FL), LMP based gestational age (GA) and Placental Thickness (PT) were collected. The study subjects 240 singleton Ante Natal mothers fetal growth of above variables were analyzed and interpreted accordingly. Results: The placental thickness determined the BPD as 60.1%, AC as 64.8%, FL as 67.7% and 66.7%. Based on this, four regression equations were being computed for estimating the BPD, AC, FL and GA. Discussions: The main function of the placenta is exchanging nutrients, metabolic products and gases to the fetus. The placental thickness can be an indicator of IUGR. Conclusions: Early detections of fetal growth may prevent the perinatal, neonatal and maternal mortalities.

Aims: To find out evidence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic obese individuals by treadmill stress test -modified bruce protocol. To study left ventricular function in these individuals by 2D Echocardiography Obesity being one of the major risk factor for coronary artery disease present study was undertaken to find out evidence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic obese individuals. 50 asymptomatic obese individuals were studied both males and females having Body Mass Index more than 30. Treadmill stress test was performed in each case by using modified Bruce protocol. Test was positive in 22% individuals. Left ventricular hypertrophy was found in 32% and diastolic dysfunction in 10% individuals. Thus there is rise in cardiovascular risk like hypertension and incidence of coronary artery disease as BMI increases.

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Problem Statement: Thyroid gland is one of the parts of our body which is constantly active metabolically and is one of the most responsive organs of the body. The thyroid gland turns out to be the endocrine organ in which the auto reactive processes have been known the longest. Anti thyroid antibodies are found in 3 – 8 % of individuals with no clinical evidence of Thyroid disease possibly signifying a subclinical focal thyroiditis. In the different thyroid disorders, the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies has been reported as 50 – 60%. Methods: 62 patients with different thyroid disorders (Colloid Nodular Goiter, inflammation and tumours) attending the various Medicine and surgical wards and the ENT dept. for their problems and who were subsequently sent to the pathology and biochemistry department of M.G.M. Medical College and L.S.K. Hospital, for investigations, were evaluated simultaneously for their autoimmune status and the morphological disease in the thyroid gland. Results: There are three primary antithyroid antibodies, the peroxidise antibodies (TPO), anti thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg) and anti (TSH) receptor antibody. While it was found to be 23% in the thyroid disorder group. Anti- TPO antibody alone was found to be positive in 5 patients(8.06%). Two of them had sub acute granulomatous thyroiditis. Conclusion: Strongly positive anti Tg and anti TPO antibody levels are diagnostic of Autoimmune thyroid disease. Retrospective review of all the antibody positive cases in other thyroid disease. All of the antibody positive cases need to be followed up. In the light of the clinical utility of the tests for anti thyroid antibodies in the diagnosis and prognosis of AITD.

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Bindu Gopinathan Nair, Saleena Prameela Chinnaiah Rajadas

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The physico-chemical characteristics of four different water sources and their effects on the elemental composition of Zea mays L. were evaluated in the laboratory for two (2) weeks. Standard procedures were used to determine the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD, DO, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Pb etc) of the water samples. Seedlings of the test crop were raised and irrigated with varied sources of water samples alongside a control treatment (distilled water). Mineral nutrient composition of the plant (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO3-, PO4, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn), were estimated. The results showed that there were marked differences (P < 0.05) in the physico-chemical characteristics of the four water samples. The highest content of potassium, sodium and phosphate were recorded in decreasing order from stream, tap, rain and distilled water, while, the Mg, and Mn contents in the test crop were in the decreasing order from stream, rain, tap and distilled water. In addition, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the content of Ca among the four water sources, with values higher than that of the control. This study suggests that there is need for appropriate environmental pollution control measures, in order to keep some water parameters within optimum range for proper metabolism in the test crop in the study area.

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Aim and Objectives 1. To determine the major state wise net decrease of CSR from 1991 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2011.2.To determine the relationship of feticide during 2005 to 2010 on the 2011 CSR. Methodology: The CSR net decrease of major states for the census years 1991, 2001, and 2011 was calculated and average decadal net decrease compared for significance. The total reported feticide crimes during 2005 to 2010 were collected and correlated with 2011 CSR. Results: The mean net reduction of CSR from 1991 -2001 was 23.2 ± 22.4. And from 2001to 2011 was 6.3±17.6. The reduction between the two decades was significant (P<0.05). The reported feticide crimes were negatively correlated with 2011 CSR. (r = -0.469, n = 19, P = 0.043). Discussion: The association between feticide and CSR shows negative correlation. The significant reduction of CSR is attributed to the impact of implementation of PNDT Act 1994.Conclusion: The study reveals that the illegal practice of sex selective abortions has been curtailed by enforcement of PNDT Act 1994 as feticide is negatively correlated with CSR.

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Clinical profile of mononeuritis multiplex in a tertiary care hospital

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This study was carried out to assess the qualitative parameters of native species in Otuoke terrestrial habitat in view of the need for monitoring of plant species and enhance sustainability of the important services provided by plants. Random sampling with line transect was used to collect plant specimen from the study area. Preservation and identification of plant species were carried out using standard taxonomic procedures. Vast number of plant species ranging from herbs, shrubs to trees were identified in the study area. Eighty six (86) plant species that cut across different families were identified and preserved in the herbarium unit of the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study provides an excellent overview of the present status of plant species in the study area. This study suggests that Otuoke terrestrial habitat is endowed with great diversity of flora, hence, appropriate conservation strategies should be adopted for sustainable exploitation and management of plant species in the area.

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Aims and Objectives: To study Ultrasonographic correlation of abnormal uterine bleeding at perimenopausal stage. Methodology: This was cross-sectional study carried out in 150 patients gynaecology OPD with the complaints of excessive per vaginal bleeding and who were in the age group between 37 to 51 years were considered. This study was carried out during year 2016. Total 150 females admitted in obstetrics and gynaecology department in MIMER Medical College were included into study. Clinical diagnosis and ultrasonographic findings were correlated. Results: Most of the patients in the present study were between 37-41 years i.e. 56%. Followed by 42-46 i.e. 25.33% and in 47-51 were 18.67 %. Majority of the patients on Ultrasonographic findings Showed no obvious pathology in 62 % patients, Leiomyoma in 21.33 %, followed by Adenomyosis in 5.33%, s/o PID in 2%, s/o Carcinoma growth in 2%. Respective percentage of Clinically diagnosed patients and Ultrasonographically diagnosed patients for Leiomyoma was 21.33 % , 21.33%, followed by DUB, PID, Carcinoma cervix was 2% , 2%; 7%, 3%; 44%, 7.33%. Conclusion: Except DUB, all other cases of AUB correlated well clinically and ultrasonographically. Leiomyoma and cervical growth were the only entities, which correlated well clinically, ultrasonographically. Whereas DUB, adenomyosis, polyp, PID did not correlate well clinically, ultrasonographically.. Adenomyosis was a histopathological diagnosis. DUB was an overestimated diagnosis clinically.

1. Mckinlay SM, Brambilla DJ, Posner JG. William’s gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2008; 468-491. 2. Bachmann G. Physiologic aspects of natural and surgical menopause. J Reprod Med. 2001; 46(3):307. 3. Mahajan N, Aggarwal M, Bagga A. Health issues of menopausal women in North India. J Midlife Health. 2012; 3:84–7. 4. Kumar P, Malhotra N. Clinical types of abnormal uterine bleeding. In: Kumar P, editor. Jeffcoate’s Principle of Gynecology. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2008. p. 599. 5. Munro MG, Critchley HO, Fraser IS. The FIGO systems for nomenclature and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: Who needs them? Am J ObstandGynecol. 2012; 207:259–65. 6. Telner DE, Jakubovicz D. Approach to diagnosis and management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Can Fam Physician. 2007; 53:58–64. 7. Jetley S, Rana S, Jairajpuri ZS. Morphological spectrum of endometrial pathology in middle-aged women with atypical uterine bleeding: A study of 219 cases. J Midlife Health. 2013; 4:216–20. 8. Shobha PS. Sonographic and histopathological correlation and evaluation of endometrium in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Reprod Contracept ObstetGynaecol. 2014; 3:113–7. 9. Kathuria R, Bhatnagar B. Correlation between DandC, USG and hysteroscopy findings in diagnosing a cause for abnormal uterine bleeding. Indian J ClinPract. 2014; 25:466–70. 10. Goldstein SR. The endometrial echo revisited: have we created a monster? Am J ObstandGynecol. 2004; 191:1092-6. 11. Archana B, Michelle F. Evaluation and Histopathological Correlation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Perimenopausal Women.Bombay Hospital Journal. 2010; 52(1)69-72. 12. Gupta G, Kotasthane DS, Kotasthane VD. Hysterectomy: A Clinico-Pathological Correlation of 500 Cases. The InternandJournal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2010; 14(1):145-152. 13. Pilli GS andal .Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 2002 May-Jun; 52(3):87-9. 14. Bharat Talukdar , SangitaMahela. J Midlife Health. Abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women: Correlation with sonographic findings and histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens. 2016 Apr-Jun; 7(2): 73–77. 15. Shobha S. Pillai. Sonographic and histopathological correlation and evaluation of endometrium in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Pillai SS. Int J Reprod Contracept ObstandGynecol. 2014 Mar;3(1):113-117.

Aims and Objectives: To know prevalence and risk factors of carcinoma cervix in patients from rural India. Methodology: This study was conducted in tertiary care institute over period of 2 yrs. from May 2005 to Sep 2007. Cases included were all gynecological cases of carcinoma cervix diagnosed on histopathological examination denovo in our hospital or private hospital with established diagnosis. Total 18278 cases were studied. Cases excluded from study were all pregnant patients with carcinoma cervix. The data is presented in the form of Table and percentages. Result: Incidence of carcinoma cervix in tertiary care institute in our study is 2.7 per 1000 women per two years and in an average 1.35 per 1000 annually. Mean age of presentation was 48.4 years in our study. Out of 50 patients 38(76%) are from rural areas where as 14% are from semi-urban and 5% from urban areas. Maximum number of patients belong to lower socioeconomic status. group i.e. 72% Commonest age at menarche as per our study is between 12-13 years in 58%Maximum number of patients 22 out of 50(44%) in our study are peri-menopausal 50% of women married before age 18 years. All 50 patients are married, commonest duration of married life found to be 25 to 29 years Frequency of Coitus (FOC) per week is found more than 3 in 44 out of 50 patients (88%). Most of the patients were having marriage before 19 years of age. 90% of patients in our study are with parity 3 or more. The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding i.e. in 70 % Most common sign in growth on cervix i.e. 68% followed by cervix that bleeds on touch 62%. However normal looking cervix is found in 3 out of 50 patients. Conclusion: The incidence of carcinoma cervix in our institute was 2.29/1000 OPD cases incidence was maximum in 4thand 5th decade in rural areas and in lower socioeconomic, strata of society. Important risk factors associated with carcinoma of cervix were early age of menarche, prolonged duration of menstrual activity early age of marriage, prolonged duration of sexual activity, increased frequency of coitus, early age of first pregnancy and multiparty. Vaginal discharge was the commonest presenting symptoms and cervix that bleeds on touch was commonest sign.

1. P. Ahuja and B. Reddy cervical carcinoma a statistical review of 3081 cases, Indian Journal of OBGY 1963. 511-519. 2. WHO, Control of Carcinoma Cervix Uteri Bull worldwide Hel Org.1986,64.607-618. 3. Rotkin I D. A comparison review of key epidemiological studies in cervical cancer related to current searches for transmissible agents. Cancer Res 1973; 33:1353–67. 4. Harris R W C, Brinton L A, Cowdell R H Et al. Characteristics of women with dysplasia or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix uteri. Br J Cancer 1980; 42: 359–68. 5. La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, De Carli a Et al. Sexual factors, venereal diseases, and the risk of intraepithelial and invasive cervical neoplasia. Cancer 1986; 58:935–41. 6. Herrero R, Brinton L A, Reeves W C et al . Sexual behaviour, venereal diseases, hygiene practices and invasive cervical cancer in a high risk population. Cancer 1990; 65:380–86. 7. Donnan S P B, Wong F W S, Ho S C, Lau E M C, KawanaT,Steve J E. Reproductive and sexual risk factors and human papilloma virus infection in cervical cancer among Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Epidemiol1989; 18: 32–36. 8. Reeves W C, Brinton L A, Garcia M et al . Human papilloma virus infection and cervical cancer in Latin America. N Engl J Med1989; 320: 1437–41. 9. Menon R, Murthy N S, Sehgal A, Prabhakar A K, Luthra U K. Role of sexual behaviour in cervical cancer. Ind J PrevSoc Med 1988; 19:23–25. 10. Agarwal S S, Sehgal A, Saradana S, Kumar A, Luthra U K. Role of male behaviour in cervical carcinogenesis among women with one lifetime sexual partner. Cancer 1993; 72: 1666–69. 11. Bricker EM, Butcher HR Jr. et al, surgical treatment of advanced and recurrent cancer of the pelvic viscera: an evaluation of 10 years experience. Ann surg 1960; 152:388-402. 12. Terris M. Wilson F., Nelson J. Relation of circumcision to cancer of the cervix Am J obstedgynecol 1973; 117 1056-66. 13. Datta PK et al. A case-control study of cancer cervix patients attending command hospital. Pune Indian journal of cancer june, 1990, 27:101-6. 14. Mohantyjita, mohantibaduland risk factors in invasive carcinoma of cervix j. obstetandGynac, indiajan. 1991: 403-6.

It is a type of chronic pancreatitis characterized by a heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory process associated with fibrosis of the pancreas causes organ dysfunction. There are three recognized radiological patterns of autoimmune pancreatitis: diffuse, focal, and multifocal. Diffuse disease is the most common type, with a diffusely edematous sausage - like appearing pancreas with well demarcated sharp margin and absence of the surface undulations. Focal disease is less common and manifests as a focal mass mimic pancreatic malignancy. We had a 52 year old male with history of epigastric pain and fever for a duration of 2 weeks referred to our department for MRI abdomen with contrast. The MRI of the patient revealed diffuse form of Autoimmune pancreatitis which will be discussed in detail.

1. Kim KP, Kim MH, Song MH, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK. Autoimmune chronic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1605–16. 2. Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, et al.. Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features. Radiology 2004;233(2):345–352. Link. 3. Kamisawa T, Egawa N, Nakajima H, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A, Kamata N. Clinical difficulties in the differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98(12): 2694–2699. CrossRef, Medline. 4. tsuki Makoto. “Asian diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis: consensus of the Japan-Korea Symposium on Autoimmune Pancreatitis.” Journal of Gastroenterology 43, no. 6 (January 1, 2008): 408.

Aims and Objectives: To find out the incidence, study the mode of delivery, relation between meconium staining and fetal heart rate abnormality and clinical correlation of perinatal outcome with thin and thick meconium stained amniotic fluid. Materials and Method: Study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of MKCG Medical College Hospital, Berhampur from December 2014 to September 2016. Study included 912 patients with meconium stained amniotic fluid detected during labour and their perinatal outcome will be analysed keeping the type of meconium as the principal variable. Results: Out of 912 cases, thin meconium staining was seen in 63.82% and thick in 36.18%. 66.43% cases of MSAF were associated with high risk factors. Fetal heart rate abnormality was seen in 32.24% cases, more in cases of thick meconium. The mode of delivery in majority of 46.5% were spontaneous vaginal, 11.18% were assisted by forceps or ventouse and 42.77% needed LSCS. At 1 minute, 65.79% babies had Apgar score >7. At 5 minute, 80.92% babies had Apgar score >7. When heart rate abnormality was present along with meconium, 71.43% had Apgar score <7. 35.53% required NICU admission. 19.74% developed perinatal morbidity. MAS was the leading cause of death in 3.95%.Conclusion: There was significant association between heart rate abnormalities and mode of intervention. Low Apgar score was mainly observed when meconium was associated with abnormal heart rate pattern. Thick meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with increased rate of intervention, neonatal morbidity and mortality compared with thin MSAF.

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Background: Transfusion of blood is life saving but also has life-threatening hazards and far-reaching consequences for the recipients themselves as well as for their families and their communities. The present study is based on the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, syphilis and malaria in voluntary donors. This gives information regarding safety associated with blood transfusion and an accurate measurement of risk versus benefits of blood transfusion. The data generated will help clinicians for judicious use of blood as well as awareness regarding the transfusion transmitted infections (TTIS). Objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence and trend of TTIS among blood donors in the blood bank of D. Y. Patil Medical College, hospital and research centre, Kolhapur, India. Methods: A total of 5178 samples were screened during a period of seven years from January 2010 to December 2016. Data analysis was done by quickcal software by chi square test. p<0.05 is considered significant. The prevalence of TTIS was expressed by donation years and donors’ characteristics (age, gender, geographical distribution). Results: The overall prevalence of HBV, HIV, HCV, syphilis and malaria was 1.31%, 0.54%, 0.54% and 0.08% respectively, with no reported case of malaria.

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