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[Abstract] [PDF] [HTML] [Linked References] Sasakian Metric as Yamabe Soliton Ankita Rai1*, Dhruwa Narain2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur- 273009 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Research Article
Abstract In this paper we study Sasakian manifold whose metric is as Yamabe soliton and obtain some result. Key words: Sasakian metric, Yamabe soliton, cconstant scalar cuvature, infinitesimal automorphism. Mathematical Subject Classification 2010: 53C25, 53C21, 53C44.
INTRODUCTION For a smooth Riemannian manifold , the evolution of the metric in the to through the equation:
( denotes the scalar curvature of ), is known as Yamabe flow, and was introduced by Hamilton [4]. The significance of Yamabe flow lies in the fact that is a natural geometry deformation to metric of constant scalar curvature. One notes that Yamabe flow corresponds to the fact diffusion case of the porous medium equation ( the plasma equation) in Mathematical physics. Just as Ricci soliton is a special solution of the Ricci flow, A Yamabe soliton is a special solution of Yamabe flow that moves by one parameter family of diffeomorphism generated by a fixed (time independent) vector field V on M, and homotheties, i.e. . Equivalently, a Yamabe soliton is defined on a Riemannian manifold (suppressing the subscript 0 in ) by a vector field satisfying;
(1)
where denotes the derivative operator along , is the scalar curvature (not necessarily constant) of , and the constant (see Chow et al. [3]). Recently, Sharma and Ghosh [6] studied a non-trivial Ricci soliton as a Sasakian manifold and show is a homothetic to the standard Sasakian metric on the Heisenberg nill3. The purpose of this paper is to study a Yamabe soliton as a Sasakian metric and prove the following results,
Theorem: If a Sasakian metric on a manifold is a Yamab soliton, then it has constant scalar curvature, and the flow vector field is killing. Further is also an infinitesimal automorphism of the contact metric structure on . As indicated in [3], the scalar curvature of a Yamabe soliton on a compact manifold is constant. Theorem 1 replaces the compactness with Sasakian condition, and provides more in the conclusion. At this point, we would like to point out that eq. (1) define a conformal vector field with conformal scale function , and that a Sasakian manifold with a non-isometric conformal vector field. We also point out that we have assumed the initial metric to be Sasakian, however the subsequent metrics along the Yamabe flow need not be Sasakian.
Preliminaries A -dimensional smooth manifold is said to be contact manifold if it carries a global 1-form such that everywhere on . Given a contact 1-form there exists a unique vector field such that and Polarizing on the contact subbundle , one obtain a Riemannian metric and a -tensor field such that,
, (2)
is called a contact metric associated with . A vector field on a contact metric manifold is said to be an infinitesimal contact transformation (see Tanno [7]) if for some smooth function , and is said to be an infinitesimal automorphism of a contact metric structure if it is leaves all the structure tensors and invarriant (see Tanno [8]). A contact metric is said to be K-contact if is Killing with respect to . A contact metric manifold is Sasakian if the cone manifold is Kahler, Sasakian metric are K-contact and K-contact 3-dimensional metrics are Sasakian. For Sasakian manifold, (3) (4) , (5) where and denotes respectively, the Riemannian connection and curvature tensor and the -tensor metrically equivalent to the Ricci tensor of . Let us now briefly review conformal vector fields. A vector field on an -dimensional Riemannian manifold is said to be conformal if, (6) for a smooth function on M. A conformal vector satisfies, (7) (8) where is the gradiant operator and is the Laplacian operator of . For detail we refer to [9]. Further there is a lemma (we refer to Sharma [10]) which is, for a Sasakian manifold, (a). and (b). .
SASAKIAN METRIC AS YAMABE SOLITON The Ricci tensor S of a Sasakian metric is given by, (9) where and β are constant. As is a conformal vector field with , equ. (7) and (8) can be written as, (10) (11) taking Lie-derivative of (9) along V and using equ. (1), (10) and (11) we obtains, (12)
As is killing, we have Differentiating it along an arbitrary vector field X and using (2) gives,
Substituting in place of in (12) and using the above equation and lemma provides the equation, (13) Substituting for in the above equation, using (2) and lemma, we immediately get, (14) In view of the equation (14) and (13) shows that, (15) From (14) and (15), equation (13) becomes, (16) At this point we assume that to be local orthonormal frame on M. Using (3.8) we compute,
And then using (2.1), (2.2), skew-symmetry of and the second equation of (2.3) we obtain,
Where is the summer over. The use of (16) in the right hand side of the foregoing equation show that , using this in (9) immediately yield which gives Hence we conclude that is constant. From (14) we find that Thus from (1) we find that i.e is killing. From equation (13) we conclude that As is killing, we also conclude that Finally, taking Lie-derivative of first equation in (2) along and noting that Lie-derivative commutes with exterior derivative, we conclude that Thus, is an infinitesimal automorphism of the contact metric structure of . Theorem: If a Sasakian metric on a manifold is a Yamabe soliton, then it has constant scalar curvature, and the flow vector field is killing. Further is also an infinitesimal automorphism of the contact metric structure on . Corollary: For 3-dimensional Sasakian metric on a manifold is a Yamabe soliton, then it follow the above theorem, also it is Einstein manifold and constant scalar curvature of constant curvature 1. Proof: For three dimensional Sasakian manifold Ricci tensor is defined by,
Apply above theorem we get, and when then by above equation we get, i.e . Hence is Einstein. Also by (Sharma and Blair [5]), is scalar curvature of constant curvature 1. This complete the proof.
Remark It is evident from the conclusion of theorem that, if is not of constant curvature, and is point-wise non-collinear with , then the pair span a foliation, and is normal to those leaves. From equ. (3) we have . Using this and denoting the Riemannian connection induced on a leaf by , we find . Also, as Gauss equation implies that and is an asympatic direction. A straightforward computation show that the sectional curvature of with respect to plane section spanned by and vanishes. Hence is intrinsically flat. Furthermore, the conclusion implies the existence of a function on such that (see [1]). Since is killing, we find that If is point wise collinear with , then it follow that is a constant multiple of . On the other hand, cannot be orthogonal to unless , we also observe that , consequently, is orthogonal to and , and hence normal to .
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